.\" $NetBSD: prep.OPENFIRMWARE,v 1.20.2.1 2019/11/25 05:50:18 msaitoh Exp $ .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ . .Ss2 Updating your BootROM . Open Firmware 3 systems have a rewritable .Dq firmware , also called the BootROM. When you use an Apple firmware updater, it updates the BootROM. This will .Em not change the version of Open Firmware in your machine \(em it will still be Open Firmware 3. The BootROM is what is first executed when you power on or reset your system. The BootROM then loads Open Firmware, which boots your operating system. .Pp Go to the .Sq "Apple Support Downloads" website at .Lk http://support.apple.com/downloads/ and search for .Sq firmware and install the most recent version for your model. For most G3 and G4 models, you will need to run the FirmWare updater from MacOS 9. .Pp .(Note If you accidentally change the .Ic load-base No or Ic real-base Open Firmware variables and reset your machine you will, in effect, rewrite the BootROM with garbage. This will permanently damage your machine. We recommend not doing this. .Note) .(Note The most recent BootROMs available (4.1.7 and later) are a little picky about RAM. Initially, some PowerMacintosh G3 users found that their third-party RAM had been disabled, but the RAM vendors brought their RAM up to spec and it hasn't been much of an issue since then. .Pp There is one report that FirmWare Update 4.1.9 on iMac (Summer 2000) will prevent the CD-ROM and the hard drive from operating together. You may get .Pa "wdc0:0:1: lost interrupt" problems. .Note) .Pp . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware 3 . Hold down a special four-key combination when your system boots. .Pp After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the four .Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F keys (the .Key COMMAND key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the .Key OPTION key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments or say .Key ALT ) until you see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen: .Pp .(disp Apple PowerBook3,1 2.1f1 BootROM built on 01/29/00 at 22:38:07 Copyright 1994-2000 Apple Computer, Inc. All Rights Reserved Welcome to Open Firmware. To continue booting, type "mac-boot" and press return. To shut down, type "shut-down" and press return. ok 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv auto-boot? false .disp) .Pp Alternatively, if you are currently running .Tn MacOS X or .Tn Darwin , you can use the .Ic nvram command to set this variable before rebooting. .(disp .No # Ic nvram auto-boot\e?=false .disp) .Pp You will need to escape the question-mark or enclose the whole .Ic nvram argument in double-quotes to prevent your shell from trying to interpret it. .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware on Apple Network Servers . (Open Firmware 1.1.22) .Pp The version of Open Firmware in the Apple Network Servers can only use a serial console. You must first hook up a serial console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking) to .Sq "Port 2" (the .Sq Li ttya device in Open Firmware). .Pp Hold down a special four-key combination on the keyboard attached to the ADB port on your system (not the serial console) when your system boots. .Pp After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the four .Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F keys (the .Key COMMAND key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the .Key OPTION key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments or say .Key ALT ) until you see some introductory text and the Open Firmware command prompt on your serial terminal: .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp Your Apple Network Server's screen will remain black. .Pp Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv auto-boot? false .disp) .Pp Skip down to the section on .Sx "Setting up Open Firmware 1 and 2 to boot NetBSD" since the next several pages are instructions for MacOS models. .Pp . .Ss2 Open Firmware 1 and 2 System Preparation . Open Firmware has two variables, .Sq input-device and .Sq output-device , which specify how it accepts commands and displays output. All Open Firmware 1.0.5 and most Open Firmware 2.0.x systems will default to using the .Sq Modem serial port for the console instead of the ADB keyboard and the monitor attached to the on-board video. .Pp Unless you use a MacOS-based utility to set these variables correctly, you .Em will need to hook up a serial console temporarily to configure Open Firmware to use your keyboard and screen. Some models (such as the Performa 54xx, 6360, 6400, and 6500) have the .Sq Modem serial port covered with a piece of plastic since the internal modem usurps that serial port. You will either need to use Boot Variables to set the .Sq input-device and .Sq output-device variables to .Sq ttyb (which is the Printer serial port) or remove the internal modem. .Pp Open Firmware seems to ignore the settings on most DB15 to VGA adapters. Depending on your model, it will default to either 640 x 480 at 60 Hz or to the resolution previously selected in MacOS. Make sure that your monitor can handle these resolutions. .Pp Now would be a good time to look at the .Nx*M Model Support webpage to determine the issues with your model. .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html .Pp In particular, some models .Em must use a serial console, or they will be unable to boot .Nx at all. All models can be set to use a serial console, if you desire to bypass the keyboard and screen. .Pp If, after re-reading the next several sections, you still need help figuring out your .Sq input-device and .Sq output-device settings, see the FAQ: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-input-output-devices .Pp If you need to use a serial console, you can use a normal .Sq printer cable (mini-DIN 8 to mini-DIN 8) and a .Tn MacOS tool, such as ZTerm to connect a .Tn MacOS system to your .Nx*M system. .Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/comm/term/zterm-101.hqx .Lk http://homepage.mac.com/dalverson/zterm/ .Pp See the NetBSD Serial Port Primer for additional help and references: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html .Pp All Open Firmware 1 and 2 \*M systems have Open Firmware bugs. Luckily, Open Firmware has a small Non-Volatile RAM variable (NVRAM) which is reserved for FORTH commands which will be run before booting an operating system. Apple has released a freeware .Tn MacOS 9 tool called System Disk, which patches most of these bugs. We .Em strongly recommend that you use this tool to patch your Open Firmware, as several systems cannot boot without these patches. Instructions for using System Disk are covered in the next section. .Pp Unfortunately, some models are broken by or are unsupported by System Disk. If you have one of the following models, then skip down to the section on .Sx "Getting to Open Firmware (Harder, MacOS 7 thru 9)" .br Apple Performa 4400, 5500, 6500, 54xx, 6400, and 6360, .br Motorola Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, and 5500, .br APS Tech M*Power 604e/200, .br PowerComputing PowerBase, .br Umax Apus 2000, Apus 3000, C500, and C600 .br Umax S900 .Pp . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware (MacOS X or Darwin) . When you install .Tn MacOS X or Darwin, it will install the necessary NVRAM bug fixes. Use the .Ic nvram command to set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt, then reboot. .(disp .No # Ic nvram auto-boot\e?=false .disp) .Pp You will need to escape the question-mark or enclose the whole .Ic nvram argument in double-quotes to prevent your shell from trying to interpret it. .Pp You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen: .Pp .(disp Open Firmware, 1.0.5 To continue booting the MacOS type: BYE\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] To continue booting from the default boot device type: BOOT\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] ok 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp If your screen is black, then your model has defaulted to using a serial console. You must hook up a serial console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking). . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware (Best, MacOS 8 or 9) . Download System Disk: .Lk ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/macosxserver/utilities/SystemDisk2.3.1.smi.bin .Pp For a brief tutorial on how to use System Disk, see: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/ .Pp Launch the .Tn MacOS System Disk tool. Click on .Dq "Power User (Open Firmware)" then click on the .Dq "Advanced Options" button. Now, click on the checkbox that says .Dq "Stop Boot at Open Firmware prompt" and select .Dq OK . Click the .Dq Save button and reboot your system. .Pp .(Note NVRAM patches and Open Firmware settings will be erased if you .Sq "zap your PRAM" by holding down .Key COMMAND-OPTION-P-R keys during the boot chimes, or if you accidentally boot into .Tn MacOS 9 or earlier. .Note) .Pp If your .Sq output-device is .Sq Li /chaos/control (i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 \(em 8600 system), there is a chance that your monitor will not sync. See .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html .Pp You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen: .Pp .(disp Open Firmware, 1.0.5 To continue booting the MacOS type: BYE\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] To continue booting from the default boot device type: BOOT\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] ok 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp If your screen is black, then your model does not support using the on-board video in Open Firmware. You will need to connect a serial console to the .Sq Modem port of your system (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking). .(Note The .Dq "Stop Boot at Open Firmware prompt" setting is persistent. It is equivalent to the Open Firmware command .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv auto-boot? false .disp) .Note) .(Note Unfortunately, there are a few models that are better off without the System Disk patches. If you find that your machine doesn't boot, then try: .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv use-nvramrc? false" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "reset-all" .disp) .Note) . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware (Harder, MacOS 7, 8, or 9) . If System Disk doesn't work because your version of .Tn MacOS is too old or because System Disk says that it doesn't support your model, then you may try using the .Tn MacOS BootVars tool. .Pp .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/macppc/macos-utils/bootvars/bootvars.sit.hqx .(Note BootVars does .Em not apply the (possibly critical) NVRAM patches that System Disk does. Expect some devices to not work (such as booting from hard drives and CD-ROMs). .Note) .Pp Look up the proper .Sq output-device for your model on the .Nx*M Model Support webpage. .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html If the .Nx*M Model support webpage does not list an .Sq output-device for your model, then your system will default to using the on-board video. You needn't fill in the .Sq output-device and .Sq input-device variables. .Pp Launch the .Tn MacOS BootVars tool. Uncheck the .Dq auto-boot? checkbox, then check on the .Dq "All Variables" checkbox and type .Ic kbd into the .Sq input-device box, and the proper device name into the .Sq output-device box. Click on the .Dq write button, and then reboot your system. .Pp If your .Sq output-device is .Sq Li /chaos/control (i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 \(em 8600 system), there is a chance that your monitor will not sync. See .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html .Pp If you have a Performa 5500 or 6500, you may need to apply NVRAMRC patches to use your built-in video. See the information in the .Nx*M Model Support webpage. .Pp You should now see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen: .Pp .(disp Open Firmware, 1.0.5 To continue booting the MacOS type: BYE\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] To continue booting from the default boot device type: BOOT\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] ok 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp If your screen is black, then your model has defaulted to using a serial console. This is fairly common on Open Firmware 1 and 2 models if you do not use the System Disk tool to set up Open Firmware. You must hook up a serial console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking). .(Note The .Dq auto-boot? setting is persistent. Your system will always stop at the Open Firmware prompt. It is equivalent to the Open Firmware command .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv auto-boot? false .disp) .Note) . .Ss2 Getting to Open Firmware (Without using MacOS) . (Open Firmware 1.0.5, Open Firmware 2.0.x, Open Firmware 2.4) .Pp If you don't have .Tn MacOS , then you need to hold down a special four-key combination when your system boots. Do this on the keyboard attached to the ADB port on your system (not the serial console or PS/2 port) when your system boots. .(Note Your system will .Em not have the (possibly critical) NVRAM patches that System Disk applies. Expect some devices to not work (such as booting from hard drives and CD-ROMs). .Note) .Pp After the chime starts, but before it stops, hold down the four .Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F keys (the .Key COMMAND key looks like a four-leaf clover or an open apple, and the .Key OPTION key may look like a two-way switch with four straight line segments or say .Key ALT ) until you see the Open Firmware command prompt on your screen or serial console: .Pp .(disp Open Firmware, 1.0.5 To continue booting the MacOS type: BYE\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] To continue booting from the default boot device type: BOOT\*[Lt]return\*[Gt] ok 0 \*[Gt] .disp) .Pp If your screen is black, then your system has defaulted to using a serial console. This is fairly common on Open Firmware 1 and 2 models if you do not use the System Disk tool to set up Open Firmware. You must hook up a serial console (38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking). .Pp Now, set your system to always stop at the Open Firmware prompt. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv auto-boot? false .disp) .Pp To use your on-board video and keyboard, look up the proper .Sq output-device for your model on the .Nx*M webpage .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html Run the following commands to use your screen instead of a serial console (replace .Sq Li screen with the correct .Sq output-device for your model): .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv output-device screen" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv input-device kbd" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "reset-all" .disp) .Pp Now you should see the Open Firmware prompt on your screen. .Pp If your .Sq output-device is .Sq Li /chaos/control (i.e. you have a PowerMacintosh 7300 \(em 8600 system), there is a chance that your monitor will not sync. See .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/SystemDisk-tutorial/of105patch.html . .Ss2 Setting up Open Firmware 1 and 2 to boot NetBSD . This section describes some steps you must take to prepare Open Firmware to boot .Nx . Additional resources are available in the FAQ regarding how to use the Open Firmware command environment, and the Open Firmware variables you may be using: .br .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-access .br .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-variables .Pp Double-check your Open Firmware version: .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "dev /openprom" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic ".properties" name openprom model Open Firmware, 1.0.5 relative-addressing ok .disp) .Pp If your system has Open Firmware prior to version 3, then you must set some Open Firmware variables before .Nx can boot. Do .Em not run these commands on Open Firmware 3 machines, as you may overwrite your firmware requiring a trip to Apple for repairs. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv load-base 600000" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "setenv real-base F00000" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "reset-all" .disp) .Pp The last command reboots your machine so that the settings are stored. .Pp If you will be netbooting your system, you can look up your MAC address. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "dev enet" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic ".properties" [...] local-mac-address CCCCCCCC CCCC [...] ok .disp) .Pp .(Note Some early Open Firmware 1.0.5 machines had their MAC address stored incorrectly on the motherboard (little- vs. big-endian problems). The patches the System Disk installs will correct this. Without the patch, the machine will still work, but its MAC address may conflict with another ethernet device on your network. .Note) .Pp You can check your Open Firmware settings with the .Pa printenv command: .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "printenv" little-endian? false false real-mode? false false auto-boot? false true diag-switch? false false [...] use-nvramrc? true false real-base F00000 -1 [...] load-base 600000 4000 [...] input-device kbd ttya output-device /chaos/control ttya .disp) .Pp .(Note All Open Firmware 1.0.5 settings and nvram patches will be erased if you boot into .Tn MacOS 9 or earlier. You will need to re-enter them before booting .Nx again. .Note) .Pp .(Note Open Firmware 2.0.x and Open Firmware 2.4 systems will set the .Li real-base environment variable to its default value (which prevents .Nx from booting) if you boot into .Tn MacOS 9 or earlier. .Note) .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ . .Ss2 Setting up Open Firmware 3 to boot NetBSD . This section describes some steps you must take to prepare Open Firmware to boot .Nx . Additional resources are available in the FAQ regarding how to use the Open Firmware command environment, and the Open Firmware variables you may be using: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-access .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-variables .Pp Double-check your Open Firmware version: .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "dev /openprom" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic ".properties" name openprom device_type BootROM model OpenFirmware 3 relative-addressing supports-bootinfo ok .disp) .Pp If you will be netbooting your system, you can look up your MAC address. .Pp .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "dev enet" .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic ".properties" [...] local-mac-address CCCCCCCC CCCC [...] .disp) .Pp .(Note Some Open Firmware 3 machines have their MAC address stored incorrectly (little- vs. big-endian problem). If you look up your MAC address in .Tn MacOS , it will be different than what Open Firmware 3 uses to contact your netboot server. Your machine will still work, but its MAC address may conflict with another ethernet device on your network. .Note) .Pp You can check your Open Firmware settings with the .Pa printenv command: .(disp .No 0 \*[Gt] Ic "printenv" -------------- Partition: common -------- Signature: 0x70 --------------- little-endian? false false real-mode? false false auto-boot? false true diag-switch? false false [...] use-nvramrc? true false real-base -1 -1 [...] input-device keyboard keyboard output-device screen screen .disp) .\} . .Ss2 Available Boot Media . Open Firmware is capable of booting from a variety of media (such as hard drives, .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] floppy disks, CD-ROMs, and ethernet). Open Firmware is able to boot files from a variety of file systems (such as ISO9660, .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] HFS, HFS+, and MS-DOS FAT). Unfortunately, Open Firmware is .Em not able to directly boot from the .Nx file system (FFS) or Apple's .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] BSD-based file system (UFS), .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] file systems (HFS, HFS+, or UFS), so we must put the bootloader in a location that Open Firmware is capable of understanding. .Pp Therefore, to boot the .Nx kernel, Open Firmware must first load a .Sq bootloader .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] .Pq Pa ofwboot.xcf which knows how to load the .Nx kernel. .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ Open Firmware 1 and 2 take either a two or three stage approach, depending on the boot media. In the two step approach, Open Firmware loads .Pa ofwboot.xcf from the boot media, which then loads the kernel. In the three step approach (used in the .Sq "partition zero" method), Open Firmware loads a primary bootloader .Pa bootxx from a disk which then loads the secondary bootloader .Pa ofwboot (which is functionally identical to .Pa ofwboot.xcf ) which then loads the kernel. .\} .(Note Despite a note to the contrary in earlier releases that .Pa ofwboot.elf is obsoleted, that is no longer the case. It has been observed that on some newish machines (notably at least some Mac Minis), use of .Pa ofwboot.xcf will result in an early kernel panic when loading the GENERIC kernel from disk. For these machines it appears to be a workaround to use .Pa ofwboot.elf instead of .Pa ofwboot.xcf as the boot loader. The root cause for this problem has unfortunately yet to be found. .Note) .Pp The following bootable media are available for loading the bootloader: .Pp .(bullet -offset indent . .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .Sq Em "Partition zero" .Pp This method loads the primary bootloader .Pa bootxx located in the Apple Partition Map, which then loads the secondary bootloader .Pa ofwboot which then loads the kernel. This is what .Ic sysinst will place on your hard drive during the installation procedure. Additionally, the .Nx*M CD-R images and boot floppies use this method, loading a kernel from the floppy's FFS partition or the CD-R's ISO9660 partition. . .It .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .Em "HFS or HFS+ file system" .Pp This method loads .Pa ofwboot.xcf from an HFS or HFS+ partition which then loads the kernel from an acceptable location. The kernel (compressed or non-compressed) may be on an HFS or HFS+ partition. Due to Open Firmware pickiness, it must be on the same partition as .Pa ofwboot.xcf . . .It .\} .Em "MS-DOS file system" .Pp In this method, Open Firmware loads the .Pa ofwboot.xcf bootloader from an MS-DOS file system. It may then load a .Nx kernel from the same MS-DOS file system. This has only been thoroughly tested on floppy disks, but may work on Zip disks or FDISK-formatted hard drives. This does not work for MS-DOS partitions on a hard drive with an Apple Partition Map. .Pp . .It .Em "Ethernet (network boot)" .Pp You can run your entire system diskless or netboot only the files necessary to boot (i.e. the bootloader and the installation kernel). You must have root access for the .Ul netboot server, which must be on the same subnet as your .Nx*M machine. .(Note You must use your on-board ethernet device for netbooting. While there may be some PCI or Cardbus ethernet interfaces with Open Firmware ROMs, no one has reported success netbooting using these devices .Note) . .It .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .Em "ISO9660 CD-ROM file system" .Pp Load the .Pa ofwboot.xcf bootloader from an ISO9660 CD-ROM. It can then load a .Nx kernel from the ISO9660 CD-ROM. .Pp Open Firmware 1.0.5 and 2.0.x machines will .Em not boot from the ISO9660 file system if you create a hybrid HFS/ISO format CD-R. Make sure that the CD .Em only has ISO9660 data and does not have an Apple Partition Map. .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .Em "Hybrid HFS/ISO9660 CD-ROM file system" .Pp Load the .Pa ofwboot.xcf bootloader from the CD-ROM's HFS file system. It can then load a .Nx kernel from the HFS or ISO9660 file system. .Pp Make sure that the CD has an Apple Partition Map. .\} .(Note Open Firmware can only open files on the first session of a multi-session CD-R .Note) .bullet) .Pp Once the bootloader is loaded, it can open the kernel from one of the following sources: .(bullet -offset indent . .Em "Ethernet (NFS)" . .It .Em "NetBSD FFS file system" .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .Pp Such as the boot floppy, or an installed .Nx partition. .\} . .It .Em "MacOS X UFS file system" .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ . .It .Em "HFS or HFS+ file system" .\} . .It .Em "ISO9660 CD-ROM file system" . .It .Em "MS-DOS file system" .bullet) .Pp .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ In theory, Open Firmware 2.4 systems should be able to load the bootloader from an HFS or HFS+ partition or a hybrid CD-R, but users have reported that it doesn't work. .Pp The boot floppy images provided have a .Sq "partition zero" bootloader and a .Nx file system with an installation kernel. .\} The boot CD image provided has both a .Sq "partition zero" bootloader and .Pa ofwboot.xcf on a hybrid partition so it can be booted on all Open Firmware versions. It also has an ISO9660 file system with an installation kernel and the distribution sets. . .Ss2 Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD . .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ You must use the .Nx installer to partition your disk if you want it to be bootable. With this release of .Nx , there is no way to dual-boot .Tn MacOS and .Nx on one hard drive. .Pp You can use the instructions in this section to partition a disk that may also be used with .Tn MacOS , although a disk prepared in this way .Em "will not boot" Nx . That means, your root partition .Pq Pa / must be on a drive prepared with the .Nx installer, but the partitions not necessary to boot (for example .Pa /usr , .Pa /home , or .Pa /export ) may be on the same disk as .Tn MacOS . .Pp Unless you are planning to use partitions on the same disk as .Tn MacOS , skip forward to .Sx "Preparing the Open Firmware 1 or 2 Bootable Media" .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ You must have at least one disk that was partitioned before running the .Nx installer. .Pp This is the drive that will have the bootloader, .Pa ofwboot.xcf . Your .Nx partitions may either be on this same disk (using the method described in the rest of this section), or on a separate disk accessible only to .Nx . .Pp This section describes how to make a single disk usable by both .Tn MacOS and .Nx \(em this is necessary for machines which have only one hard drive (such as the eMac, iBook, iMac, PowerBook, and PowerMacintosh Cube systems). If you do not want .Tn MacOS you must still follow this procedure, but create only a small HFS+ partition (large enough for the bootloader). .\} .Pp There are two partitioning tools available for .Nx*M , .Xr disklabel 8 and .Xr pdisk 8 . The former is used in the .Nx .Ic sysinst installer, and will render your disk unusable by .Tn MacOS . .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ It will also prevent Open Firmware 3 machines from booting from that disk. When running the installer, you will need to use the installer's .Dq "Re-install sets" option to skip the .Ic disklabel step. .Pp Do not use .Ic disklabel No or Dq "Re-install sets" unless you will use one drive for .Nx only and have another drive which will have the bootloader. .\} .Pp The process is more fully detailed in the Partitioning HOW-TO: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/partitioning.html .Pp You can create a partition map with .Xr pdisk 8 , but the disk will not be usable with MacOS 9 and earlier. If this is a concern, you will need to use Apple's Drive Setup or Disk Utility. .Pp If you are using Apple's Drive Setup tool, make sure you have version 1.8.1 or later. This tool only runs under MacOS 9 and earlier. Drive Setup will erase the contents of your drive \(em it does not preserve data from any of your partitions. .Pp Apple's Disk Utility only runs under MacOS X 10.0.0 and later. Make sure you click the .Dq "Install Mac OS 9 Disk Drivers" checkbox. Also, keep in mind that Disk Utility does .Em not create the partitions that .Nx*M requires. After creating the initial partition map with Disk Utility, you will need to use the .Nx .Ic pdisk to change the partition types. Also, Disk Utility will erase the contents of your drive \(em it does not preserve data from any of your partitions. .Pp .Ic pdisk is the most flexible (and most difficult to use) partitioning tool available. It runs on almost all OSes that \*M machines support. Download it: .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/macppc/netbsd-pdisk/ .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/macppc/macos-utils/pdisk.sea.hqx .Pp There is built-in help describing how it works. When it asks you to enter the .Dq Li "Type of partition" , use .Li Apple_UNIX_SVR2 for .Nx partitions, .Li Apple_HFS for HFS and HFS+ partitions, and .Li Apple_UFS for UFS partitions. .Pp After you've written the partition map with .Ic pdisk , you will need to create the file systems. Use .Xr newfs 8 and .Xr mount 8 for .Nx file systems, and .Ic hfstools to create and mount HFS file systems. .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/hfsutils/README.html .Pp Make the following partitions: .(tag "A/UXxUserxandxA/UXxFree1" -offset indent .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .It Em HFS No or Em HFS+ Must be large enough to hold the bootloader, over 100 KB. May be as large as you desire for .Tn MacOS usage. .It Em "A/UX Root" Must be at least 20 MB. Alternatively, you may decide to use one partition for your entire .Nx installation, in which case it should be at least 200 MB. .Nx interprets an .Em "A/UX Root" partition as the first partition .Pq Em a on the disk. This partition is not readable from .Tn MacOS . .\} .It Em "A/UX Swap" Any size. The recommendation is your RAM size, although this is not strictly necessary for machines with a lot of RAM. .Nx interprets an .Em "A/UX Swap" partition as the second partition .Pq Em b on the disk. This partition is not readable from .Tn MacOS . .It Em "A/UX User" No and Em "A/UX Free1" Use these for any additional partitions you may want to use under .Nx Ns , such as .Pa /usr No (at least 200 MB) , Pa /home , Pa /usr/local , or .Pa /usr/pkg . .Nx interprets these partitions as normal .Nx Ns -style partitions. These partitions are not readable from .Tn MacOS . .It Em HFS Any size. You may want to leave an additional partition available to transfer files between .Tn MacOS and .Nx . If would like to create such a partition, then see the Partitioning HOW-TO. .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/partitioning.html#msdos .It Em UFS Any size. .Em UFS partitions are not readable from .Tn MacOS versions prior to X 10.0.0. If you use an .Em UFS partition as your root, then it may not be recognized by the .Nx kernel as the first partition .Pq Em a on the disk. You will need to compile a new kernel with the root partition explicitly defined to be the .Em UFS partition. .tag) .Pp Now would be a good time to use .Ic pdisk to determine the partition numbers for your bootloader and kernel. . .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] .Ss2 Preparing the Open Firmware 1 or 2 Bootable Media .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] .Ss2 Preparing the Open Firmware 3 Bootable Media . . The purpose of this section is to prepare the media from which your system will boot the installer. We'll describe how to put the files in the right places on your disk(s) or netboot server and prepare it for use on your system. .Pp If you will be running your system diskless (i.e. entirely over NFS, not using any local hard drives), then you do not need to run the installer, you only need to extract the distribution sets on the diskless server. .Pp To get the distribution sets onto appropriate media, see the above section entitled .Sx "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" . You may want to get the distribution sets when you create the bootable media. .Pp .(Note Some .Tn MacOS .Ic ftp clients default to downloading files in .Sq ASCII mode. This will render the .Nx files useless. Make sure to set your ftp program to download in .Sq binary mode. .Note) .Pp What follows are the steps to create different types of bootable media for the .Nx install kernel. You should only need to create one of these to get your system to boot the installer .Pp .(bullet . .To 2 "Creating the NetBSD/macppc CD-R" .Em "Creating the NetBSD/\*M CD-R" .Pp Go to one of the .Nx mirror sites and download the CD-R image .Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso from the .Pa pub/NetBSD/images directory. .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/#iso .Pp .(bullet .Em From an UNIX-like machine .Pp Get and install cdrecord. .Nx users should install it from the package collection. Other .Ul systems should get it from the official website: .br .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools/README.html .br .Lk http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html .Pp .(disp .No # Ic "cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=/dev/cd1c NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso" .disp) .Pp You will need to substitute the correct name of the disk image file, speed for your CD writer, and the correct device for your system (for i386 it would be .Pa /dev/cd1d ) . .Pp .It .Em "From a MacOS machine (using Toast)" .Pp .(enum Click the .Sq Other button in the main window. .Pp .It Open the contextual menu on the .Sq Other button and select .Sq "Disk Image" .Pp .It Click the .Sq Select button and select the disk image you downloaded. .Pp .It Click the .Sq "Record" button .enum) .bullet) .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ . .It .To 2 "Creating the NetBSD install floppies" .Em "Creating the NetBSD/\*M install floppies" .Pp .(enum First, make sure you have done a low-level format on the disks. A bad floppy can produce Open Firmware errors similar to other problems. .It If the boot floppy images are compressed, then you will need to uncompress them first. .It Use a tool to write the boot floppy images .Pa installation/floppy/boot1.fs and .Pa installation/floppy/boot2.fs to two floppy disks. PowerPC 601 machines should use .Pa installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs and .Pa installation/floppy/boot601_2.fs instead. .Pp .(bullet -compact .Em From an UNIX-like machine .(disp .No # Ic "dd if=boot1.fs of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k" .No # Ic "dd if=boot2.fs of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k" .disp) .Pp .It .Em "From a Windows machine" .Pp Get either the .Ic rawrite.exe program from the .Nx Ns / Ns i386 distribution or .Ic rawrite32.exe from .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32/ .Pp .It .Em "From a MacOS 9 (or earlier) machine" .Pp Get .Ic suntar from .Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/suntar-223.hqx .(enum Open the .Sq Preferences menu and pick .Sq Expert Mode .Pp .It Open the .Sq Special menu and pick .Sq "Overwrite Sectors ..." .Pp .It Insert the first floppy disk .Pp .It Hit return (i.e. start at sector number zero) .Pp .It Select .Pa boot1.fs and click .Dq Open .Pp .It Open the .Sq File menu and pick .Sq Eject .Pp .It Repeat the process for the second floppy .enum) .bullet) .enum) .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ . .It .To 2 "Preparing an HFS or HFS+ partition" .Em "Preparing an HFS or HFS+ partition" .Pp Place .Pa ofwboot.xcf and the installation kernel .Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz at the top level of your Macintosh file system. That is, drag the two icons onto your hard drive icon (not the desktop). Make sure they're both on the same partition. .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" .\} . .It .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .To 2 "Creating a custom ISO9660 CD-R" .Em "Creating a custom ISO9660 CD-R" .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .To 2 "Preparing a custom hybrid HFS/ISO9660 CD-R" .Em "Preparing a custom hybrid HFS/ISO9660 CD-R" .\} .Pp This section describes how to create your own bootable .Nx*M CD-R. We recommend that you use the official .Nx*M Ns \-\*V CD-R image, as described in the section above. .Pp Place .Pa ofwboot.xcf and the installation kernel .Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz at the top level of the CD. .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ Make sure that the bootloader is present on the HFS partition, and the kernel is on both the ISO9660 and HFS partitions. .\} Due to restrictions in the way that Open Firmware deals with ISO filenames, you may wish to name your kernel .Pa netbsd.gz . You may also place the .Nx \*V distribution sets on the .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] disk. .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] ISO9660 partition (not only on the HFS partition). .Pp .(bullet .Em From an UNIX-like machine .Pp Get and install mkisofs. This is now part of the cdrecord package. .Nx users should install it from the package collection. Other .Ul systems should get it from the official website: .br .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools/README.html .br .Lk http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html .Pp .(disp .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .No # Ic "mkisofs -o NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso -l -J -r -L -N /cdsources" .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .No # Ic "mkisofs -o NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso -hfs -part -l -J -r -L -N /cdsources" .\} .No # Ic "cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=/dev/cd1c NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso" .disp) .Pp You will need to substitute the correct speed for your CD writer, and the correct device for your system (for i386 it would be .Pa /dev/cd1d ) . .Pp See the .Nx Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO for more detail: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/bootcd.html .Pp .It .Em "From a MacOS machine (using Toast)" .Pp .(enum Click the .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .Sq Other button in the main window .Pp .It Open the contextual menu on the .Sq Other button and select .Sq "ISO 9660" .Pp .It Click the .Sq Select button. .Pp .It Click the .Sq Settings tab, open the .Sq Naming popup menu, and pick .Sq "Allow Macintosh Names" .Pp .It Click on the .Sq Files tab .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .Sq Data button in the main window .Pp .It Pick .Sq "Mac OS and PC (Hybrid) CD" from the popup menu between the four buttons and the file and folder area. .\} .Pp .It Drag .Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf and .Pa binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz into the window. You may also want to drag the .Nx \*V distribution sets to this window as well. .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ .Pp .It Click the .Sq Done button .\} .Pp .It Click the .Sq Record button .enum) .bullet) .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" . .It .To 2 "Creating an MS-DOS disk" .Em "Creating an MS-DOS disk" .Pp .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ Unfortunately, the installation kernel is now too large to fit onto a .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] Open Firmware 3 cannot boot from a floppy disk, but you can still create a bootable Zip disk with this method. .Pp .(enum First, make sure you have done a low-level format on the disk. A bad disk can produce Open Firmware errors similar to other problems. .It Mount the disk on your computer. .(bullet -compact Insert it into a Windows or DOS machine. .It Use .Sq "File Exchange" No or Sq "PC Exchange" with .Tn MacOS versions prior to X 10.0.0 .It Use .Xr mount_msdos 8 on any .Ul machine. .bullet) .It Copy .Pa netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa ofwboot.xcf to the disk. PowerPC 601 machines need to use .Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . .It Rename .Pa netbsd-INSTALL.gz No to Pa netbsd.gz , since OpenFirmware can't deal with MS-DOS filenames longer than eight characters. .enum) .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" . .It .To 2 "Preparing the netboot server" .Em "Preparing the netboot server" .Pp .so ../common/netboot .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" . .It .To 2 "Preparing a SCSI or IDE drive with the CD-R image" .Em "Preparing a SCSI or IDE drive with the CD-R image" .Pp If the .Nx*M CD-R image is compressed, then you will need to uncompress it first. .Pp Find a spare bootable drive (i.e. SCSI or IDE), and use some tool to write the disk image .Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso to your spare drive, and boot from that drive. For example, you could use a Zip drive, a Jaz drive, a Compact Flash drive, or even a spare hard drive. The disk image has .if \*[OF_VERSION_12] \{\ a .Sq "partition zero" bootloader which ultimately .\} .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ an HFS partition with .Pa ofwboot.xcf which .\} loads the installation kernel from the ISO file system on the disk image. .Pp .(bullet -compact .Em From an UNIX-like machine (including MacOS X) .Pp .(disp .No # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso of=/dev/rsd0c" .disp) .Pp where .Pa /dev/rsd0c is the .Sq "whole disk" partition for the drive you will be using. Be certain you have typed this correctly, as it will erase the disk. .Pp .It .Em "From a Windows machine" .Pp Get .Ic rawrite32.exe from .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32/ .Pp Be certain you have selected the correct disk, as it will erase the contents. .Pp .It .Em "From a MacOS 9 (or earlier) machine" .Pp Get .Ic suntar from .Lk http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/suntar-223.hqx .(enum Open the .Sq Preferences menu and pick .Sq "Expert Mode" .Pp .It Open the .Sq File menu and pick .Sq "Open Device ..." .Pp .It Click on the .Dq "scan SCSI" button to get a list of which drives are attached. .Pp .It Pick the correct drive. Be certain you have selected the correct disk, as it will erase the contents. .Pp .It Open the .Sq Special menu and pick .Sq "Overwrite Sectors ..." .Pp .It Hit return (i.e. start at sector number zero) .Pp .It Select .Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso and click .Dq Open .Pp .It Open the .Sq File menu and pick .Sq "Close Device" .enum) .bullet) .bullet) .if \*[OF_VERSION_3] \{\ .Pp Skip forward to .Sx "Installing the NetBSD System" .\}